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PTJ asked us to examine the tensions between the empirical and the rational.

For the purpose of this discussion, "empirical" conclusions or ideas are ideas drawn from what can be specifically observed, and hold observable facts as a reasonable representation of reality. "Rational" conclusions or ideas are ideas derived from a specifically structured and potentially very isolated thought process, with little to do with observable facts, and hold non-derivative ideas as reasonable representations of reality.

Within these definitions, Descartes is the ultimate example of the "rational." As we discussed in detail in class and in other posts, Descartes was skeptical of everything except the very purest idea he could produce in his isolation.

Hobbes appears to be arguing with Descartes. However, I would not describe his process as purely empirical. Hobbes himself divides ways of doing philosophy into these two categories (Chapter IX) but does not seem to privilege one above the other. PTJ hinted that Hobbes uses "empirical rational" arguments, which I took to mean that Hobbesapos; arguments require both observation and conceptual thinking.

PTJ said to look at the tension between empirical and rational in Ch. 13, and the three weird empirical examples there. I feel like I may be off on this, since so many things show up in threes, but what stuck out to me was the "three principal causes of quarrel: first, competition; secondly, diffidence; thirdly, glory" (Chapter XIII, sec 6). So Hobbes empirically observed that men have these three qualities, and then rationally argued that these qualities are directly causational of certain (particularly warmaking) behavior.

In most of his arguements, Hobbes seems to use both empirical and rational thought. I feel like Iapos;m missing the "tension" here.


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